What buyers should budget and why it matters.
• Legal/notary/escrow: ~1.25%–2.5% • Transfer tax/stamps: ~2.5% • Due diligence (survey/docs): varies • Translation/certifications: case‑by‑case
Property tax, luxury tax where applicable, HOA/condo fees, insurance, utilities, maintenance, management.
Deal structure (asset vs. share), property type, condo/HOA docs, financing, and negotiation of who pays what.
Plan a working range of 3%–5% of purchase price for closing, then model net income after ongoing costs if you’ll rent.